The Living Universe is a comprehensive, historically nuanced study of the formation of the new scientific discipline of exobiology and its transformation into astrobiology. The authors explain how research on the origin of life became wedded to the search for life on other planets and for extraterrestrial intelligence. Many scientific breakthroughs of the last forty years were either directly supported or indirectly spun off from NASA's exobiology program, including cell symbiosis, the discovery of the Archaea, and the theories of Nuclear Winter and the asteroid extinction of the dinosaurs.

Exobiology and astrobiology have generated public fascination, enormous public relations benefits for NASA, and--the flip side of the coin--some of the most heated political wrangling ever seen in government science funding. Dick and Strick provide a riveting overview of the search for life throughout the universe, with all of the Earthly complexities of a science-in-the-making and the imperfect humans called scientists. Their book is the first to include oral history interviews with all of the primary participants from 1953 to the present. It will appeal to biologists, historians and philosophers of science, planetary scientists (including geologists), and an educated general readership interested in the investigation of life on other planets.

Steven J. Dick is the Chief Historian at NASA and associate editor of the International Journal of Astrobiology. Among his books are Sky and Ocean Joined: The U.S. Naval Observatory, 1830-2000, and Life on Other Worlds, which has been translated into four languages. James E. Strick is the author of Sparks of Life: Darwinism and the Victorian Debates over Spontaneous Generation. He is an assistant professor in the Program in Science, Technology, and Society at Franklin and Marshall College.

Acknowledgments
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Introduction
Part I Before the Space Age
The Big Picture: Cosmic Evolution and the Biological Universe
Part II From Sputnik to Viking, 1957-1976
Organizing Exobiology: NASA Enters Life Science
Exobiology, Planetary Protection, and the Origins of Life
Vikings to Mars
Part III Broadened Horizons, 1976-2000
The Post-Viking Revolutions
The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
The Search for Planetary Systems
The Mars Rock
Renaissance: From Exobiology to Astrobiology
Epilogue: Astrobiology Science-- Into the Great Age of Discovery?
Appendix A Unpublished Sources
Appendix B NASA Leadership in Exobiology
Appendix C Topics at the First Astrobiology Science Conference
Appendix D Objectives in the Astrobiology Roadmap
Notes
Selected Bibliography