Like the majority of children living in the global South today, a large number of Vietnamese youths work to help support their families. International human rights organizations have focused on these children, seeking to bring their lives into line with an understanding of childhood that is generally accepted in the developed world.

In this ethnographic study, Rachel Burr draws on her daily observations of working children in Hanoi and argues that these youngsters are misunderstood by the majority of agencies that seek to help them. Most aid programs embrace a model of childhood that is based on Western notions of individualism and bountiful resources. They further assume that this model is universally applicable even in cultures that advocate a collective sense of self and in countries that do not share the same economic advantages.

Burr presents the voices and experiences of Vietnamese children in the streets, in a reform school, and in an orphanage to show that workable solutions have become lost within the rhetoric propagated by aid organizations. The reality of providing primary education or adequate healthcare for all children, for instance, does not stand a chance of being achieved until adequate resources are put in place. Yet, organizations preoccupied with the child rights agenda are failing to acknowledge the distorted global distribution of wealth in favor of Western nations.

Offering a unique, firsthand look at the experiences of children in contemporary Vietnam, this book also provides a broad analysis of how internationally led human rights agendas are often received at the local level.

Rachel Burr is an associate lecturer at the Open University in the United Kingdom.

Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: What Is Childhood?
Chapter 2: Background to Vietnam
Chapter 3: Child Rights and the International Aid Community
Chapter 4: Why Children Work
Chapter 5: Children on the Streets
Chapter 6: Life in a Reform School
Chapter 7: Childhood without Discrimination
Chapter 8: Institutional Life and Children's Coping Strategies
Chapter 9: Children on the Global Margins?
Bibliography
Index